document Definition

GLOSSARY

Published by a UU��ֱ�� Dispute Resolution expert

What does document mean?

This word has a specific meaning within the cpr. Under CPR 31.4 it is defined as 'anything in which information of any description is stored'.

It therefore extends from paper documents through to electronically stored information such as emails, text messaging and video files

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�Ѿ��پ��پ��ǲ�—c��𳦰�� How a sentence is reached When determining a sentence, a court will usually consider any statutory sentencing range, the applicable Sentencing Council (SC) guidelines including any offence specific sentencing guideline, the overarching guidelines and sentencing judgments from the Court of Appeal. The SC’s offence specific guidelines or the general guideline set out a stepped approach which the court must follow. See Practice Notes: Sentences imposed following conviction and Sentencing Council General Guideline—Overarching Principles. Generally, in sentencing exercises the court will need to consider the following: • the relevant starting point in the Sentencing Guidelines • the aggravating factors of the offence • the mitigation and personal circumstances of the defendant • any reduction in sentence for a guilty plea • whether the offender is dangerous and if there is a significant risk of harm through the commission of further specified offences • any ancillary orders that are appropriate • the totality of the sentence to ensure it is proportionate to the offending behaviour Mitigation The...

Checklist for compromises of FCA-regulated entities: information requirements

Checklist for compromises of FCA-regulated entities: information requirements The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) is the conduct regulator for financial services firms and financial markets in the United Kingdom. It has a duty under section 1B of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA 2000) to pursue certain objectives, one of which is the consumer protection objective. The FCA lists its statutory objectives as to secure an appropriate degree of protection for consumers and to protect and enhance the integrity of UK financial markets, with a view to reducing the number of proposed compromises that they do not consider to be appropriate (see FG22/4, para 1.2). On 5 July 2022, the FCA published guidance on compromises of regulated firms (see FCA Guidance FG22/4 July 2022 and updated in January 2024) following their significant concerns about these tools being proposed and used by firms to avoid paying customers redress (see: LNB News 05/07/2022 72). Practitioners will need to take note of the guidance where the proposed compromise involves regulated companies, meaning...

Disclosure—technical glossary

This Practice Note should be read in conjunction with Practice Note: �پ��ǲ��ܰ��—i�Գٰ��ǻ�ܳ��پ��ǲ�, or Disclosure scheme—overview depending on which disclosure scheme is in operation in the court in which the claim is proceeding.TermDefinitionArtificial Intelligence (AI)an artificial means of replicating thought processes of the human brain which can result in either extractive (summarising) or generative (creating) AIback-up tapestapes which contain saved data. They are called 'back-up' because the information is copied onto the tapes and is available as a 'back-up'. Can also refer to any other method where data is regularly collected and stored separately for the purposes of risk management. See also incremental back-ups belowbit and byteelectronic data can be measured in bits, which refers to the space taken up. 8 bits = 1 byte. 1 byte is the equivalent of 1 character of text; 1024 bytes = 1 kilobyteChatGPTan example of an AI tool launched in 2022; other models are availableclusteringthis type of search automatically identifies similar documents and places them into groupsconcept searchesthis type of search uses algorithms to...

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This Practice Note provides an introduction to disclosure under the CPR setting out the CPR provisions governing the disclosure process (eg Part 31), the overriding principles of the disclosure process and how it is generally conducted and regulated. It considers the meaning under the CPR of a ‘document’, the timing of disclosure, including when disclosure should first be considered, the scope of the disclosure exercise, including an introduction to the concepts of standard disclosure, specific disclosure, enhanced disclosure (covering Peruvian Guano or train of enquiry documents) and the stages of the disclosure process. It also provides some practical tips on conducting a disclosure exercise. It does not provide detailed commentary on the disclosure scheme operating in the Business and Property Courts.This Practice Note provides guidance on the interpretation and application of the relevant provisions of the CPR. Depending on the court in which your matter is proceeding, you may also need to consider: Court specific guidance below.You should read this Practice Note in conjunction with:•Disclosure—overview•Inspection—overview•Privilege—overview•Practice Note: Disclosure—technical glossary•Practice Note: How...

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Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Schedule

The ScheduleIntellectual Property Rights 1 1.1 [ Copyright works Description of Copyright work Nature of work (eg literary, artistic, databases, etc) Date of creation of work (if already created) [Insert details] [Insert details] [Insert details]

Warranty limitations—pro-seller—share purchase agreement

Insert the following definitions as new definitions into clause 1 of Precedent: Share purchase agreement—pro-buyer—corporate seller—conditional—long form: 1 Definitions and interpretation Claim means a claim by the Buyer for any breach of the provisions of this Agreement (including a claim for breach of the Warranties); Data Room means the data room relating to the [Company OR Group] comprising all contracts, agreements, licences, documents and other information made available to the Buyer and its advisers, as listed in the Data Room index attached to the Disclosure Letter; The ScheduleLimitations on the Warranties ...

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Can an insurer refuse to provide internal correspondence and case notes relating to an insurance claim where a subject access request (SAR) is made under the UK GDPR for such information?

Can an insurer refuse to provide internal correspondence and case notes relating to an insurance claim where a subject access request (SAR) is made under the UK GDPR for such information? This Q&A assumes that the organisation that has received the SAR is a ‘controller’ of the relevant data. For an introduction to the United Kingdom General Data Protection Regulation, Retained Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (UK GDPR) regime, including key data protection terms and concepts, such as ‘personal data’, 'processing', 'data subject' and ‘controller’, see: Data protection toolkit. As further explained in Practice Notes: The UK GDPR and DPA 2018 for insurers and Data subject rights—access, Article 15 of the UK GDPR gives individuals a right to obtain confirmation from a data controller as to whether or not personal data concerning them is being processed, and where it is, access to the personal data and certain further information. A request for such information is commonly known as a ‘subject access request’ (or a 'SAR' or 'DSAR'). In order to assist...

What is motor vehicle or road traffic accident insurance?

What is motor vehicle or road traffic accident insurance? In the UK, motor insurance is a mandatory insurance policy for any vehicle owner or driver unless the vehicle is declared as off the road. There are heavy penalties, both civil and criminal, for uninsured drivers (who are caught). The mandatory insurance regime is intended to protect the general public (including pedestrians and other non-vehicle users) against personal injury and damage caused in a road traffic accident. Types of motor insurance policies The motor insurance market is split into three main types of insurance: third-party only; third-party fire and theft; and comprehensive policies: • third-party only policies provide the minimum level of cover required by the law, namely the Road Traffic Act 1988 (RTA 1988). RTA 1988 mandates that motor insurance must at the very least cover the risk of death, personal injury or property damage to third parties caused by the insured vehicle • third-party fire and theft provides third-party cover as described above but in addition...

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Life Sciences weekly highlights—19 December 2024

This week's edition of Life Sciences weekly highlights includes news analysis on emerging trends in the Unified Patent Court. Also included, is news that long-awaited legislation was introduced by MHRA which will overhaul the UK’s clinical trials regulatory framework, the MHRA also revised its roadmap outlining the implementation timeline for the future medical devices regulatory framework in the UK, the European Commission has initiated a public consultation to evaluate the EU medical devices regulatory framework and whether further urgent reform is required, MedTech Europe has voiced concerns regarding the Health Technology Assessment Regulation and its implementation which begins 12 January 2025, the US FDA has established the CDER Center for Real-World Evidence Innovation to streamline the use of real-world data and real-world evidence in regulatory decision-making and the ASA has sanctioned several companies for misleading medical or health claims in breach of the advertising code, among other stories.

High Court confirms broad government discretion in UK national security reviews

Competition analysis: In this judgment, the High Court issued its first ever ruling on a challenge to an unwinding order imposed by the UK government under the National Security and Investment Act 2021 (NSIA 2021). In a clear victory for the government, the court confirmed the broad discretion of the Secretary of State to determine the appropriate remedy for resolving national security concerns arising from a problematic transaction, up to and including forced divestment of the acquirer’s shareholding in a qualifying entity, as well confirming that the overall process followed by the Government in such cases is fair and proportionate. The judgment is also notable for the insights that it provides into the process followed by Government officials and ministers for in-depth reviews under the NSIA 2021, with the level of detail going well beyond what has been disclosed in the Government’s own guidance to date. Written by Becket McGrath, partner at Euclid Law Ltd.

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