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Negligence is 'the omission to do something which a reasonable man, guided upon those considerations which ordinarily regulate human affairs, would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do' (Blythe v Birmingham Waterworks (1856) 11 Exch 781, at p 784). It is accepted that the test for breach of duty is objective, in the sense that the individual character and mental and physical features of the particular defendant are usually irrelevant.
Negligence does not always consist of a positive act. It may also occur in the omission to take some action or other as a result of which the claimant suffers damage. This is sometimes termed 'nonfeasance', as opposed to 'misfeasance' which is the term used to describe an act of negligence.
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Commercial contract review and execution (business personnel)—checklist This is a Checklist for in-house lawyers to provide to those of its employees (eg procurement or sales professionals) who are engaged in negotiating commercial contracts. It sets out the primary issues to consider when negotiating or reviewing a business-to-business commercial contract, and includes practical guidance. This Checklist may be suitable for use in low risk contracts where employees who are not legally qualified are authorised to conduct negotiations and contract review. It may be customised as required to work with a company playbook on contract negotiation and review, to include suggested fall-back drafting positions and escalation points for recourse to a legal team as appropriate. As it is intended to be used by non-legal professionals, it does not include links to further detailed legal commentary in each case. For a Checklist intended for use by legal professionals with links to further information, see: Commercial contract drafting and review—checklist. In-house lawyers should check that business personnel engaged in negotiating and concluding commercial contracts...
Drafting terms for the sale of goods—business to business—checklist This Checklist is for drafting terms and conditions for the sale of goods. It sets out the key considerations when drafting business-to-business (B2B) standard form terms and conditions or a contract for the sale of goods. It considers the legal, regulatory and practical issues around the sale and supply of goods and is drafted with a seller/supplier bias. For general guidance on contracts for the sale of goods, see Practice Notes: Contracts for the sale and supply of goods—business to business and Implied terms in contracts for goods and services. For general guidance on key terms in commercial contracts more broadly, see Practice Note: Key terms and conditions in commercial contracts. General considerations Speak to departmental representatives within the business to establish any concerns they have and any customer feedback that should be addressed in the terms. Understand how the goods will be provided and any back-end processes, eg for delivery or returns, which need to be reflected in the terms....
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Quantum database general damages uplifts—flowchart This flowchart explains the figures in the General Damages (PSLA) Today’s Value field. As well as inflation, this field takes into account the Heil v Rankin ([2000] 3 All ER 138) uplift and/or the Simmons v Castle ([2012] EWCA Civ 1288) uplift, where they are relevant. This ensures that the General Damages (PSLA) Today’s Value field provides practitioners with an accurately updated general damages figure. Note: The Simmons v Castle uplift has not been added
Setting up a limited partnership—checklist Number and identity of the partners How many partners will there be and who are they? What is the capacity of each of the partners? Individual, company, other partnership, other entity or body? Which of them will be a general partner and which of them will be a limited partner? Will it be possible for new limited partners to be introduced? If so, on what basis? Will the limited partners be entitled to have business interests and engage in activities in addition to those relating to the limited partnership, including business interests and activities in direct competition with the partnership? Business details What will be the business of the limited partnership? Is it a continuing business or one-off project or projects? Are any regulatory consents, approvals and licences required for the proposed business? What will be the name of the limited partnership? Does the name conflict with an existing registered limited partnership or business name? Conduct searches at Companies House. Who is responsible for registering...
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Licence to carry out environmental investigations Parties 1 [insert name of licensor] [of [insert address] OR company number [insert company number] whose registered office is at [insert address]] (the Licensor) 2 [insert name of licensee] [of [insert address] OR company number [insert company number] whose registered office is at [insert address]] (the Licensee) 1 Background (A) The Licensor is the registered [freehold OR leasehold] owner of the Property. (B) The Licensee has expressed an interest in [acquiring OR leasing] the Property. (C) The Licensor will permit access to the Property by the Licensee and the Consultant for the purpose of carrying out investigations as to ground conditions at, in, on, under or about the Property, subject to the terms of this Licence. 2 Definitions Competent Authority • means any statutory undertaker or any public local or other authority or regulatory body or government department, or any other body exercising powers under statute or by royal charter or any court of law or any...
Part 26A restructuring plan for SMEs IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE BUSINESS AND PROPERTY COURTS OF ENGLAND AND WALES COMPANIES LIST (CHD) IN THE MATTER OF [insert name of the Company] AND IN THE MATTER OF THE COMPANIES ACT 2006 BETWEEN [insert name of the Company] and THE PLAN CREDITORS [AND MEMBERS] (as defined herein) RESTRUCTURING PLAN (under Part 26A of the Companies Act 2006) DATED [insert date] RECITALS The Company (A) [Insert name of the Company] is a [private] limited company, incorporated in [England and Wales] with company number [insert company number] and office at [insert address] (the Company) Purpose of the Restructuring Plan (B) The purpose of this Restructuring Plan is to affect a compromise and arrangement between: [(i)] the Company and the Plan Creditors; [and (ii) the Company and the Members], in order to eliminate, reduce or prevent, or mitigate the effect of financial difficulties encountered [or likely to be encountered] by the Company that are affecting, or will...
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Who is responsible for an occupier's liability claim when the accident occurred in premises subject to a lease? The tenant company had ceased trading before the accident and a new tenant company had not entered into a new lease agreement with the landlord. This Q&A considers who may qualify as an occupier under the Occupiers’ Liability Act 1957 (OLA 1957). OLA 1957 contains no definition of an ‘occupier’. The issue of who is an occupier is dealt with under the common law. It is important to recognise that the key issue is of control over, rather than ownership of, the premises. An occupier is any legal entity with a sufficient degree of control over premises such that it can properly be considered to be an occupier (see Wheat v E Lacon). The key element is that the occupier has effective control. There is no requirement for the occupier to have a legal interest in the land. There can be multiple occupiers of premises at any given time. It has...
If a claimant receives negligent home care, is this considered clinical negligence? Duty of care Duties to patients in contract: Butterworths Personal Injury Litigation Service [211] states: ‘Where a health professional undertakes private practice, a contractual relationship is likely to arise between the patient and the health professional. In the absence of an express term to the contrary, a term will be implied into that contract that the service will be performed with reasonable care and skill. In the case of private hospital treatment, most doctors undertake such services as independent contractors. Thus, for example, there may be separate contractual relationships in respect of the provision of nursing care, resident medical officers and laboratory services.’ Duties to patients in tort: Butterworths Personal Injury Litigation Service [215]: states: ‘A duty to exercise reasonable care and skill is imposed on a health professional who undertakes the tasks of diagnosis, advice or treatment. The duty exists independent of any contractual duty that may exist. The duty arises once the patient is accepted for...
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This week's edition of Construction weekly highlights includes analysis of cases where the Technology and Construction Court (TCC) found a ‘building safety risk’ which could lead to the making of a ‘building liability order’ under the Building Safety Act 2022 (381 Southwark Park Road v Click St Andrews), where the Court of Session enforced an adjudicator’s award following ‘Smash and Grab’ adjudication proceedings (ATG Services v Ogilvie), where the TCC gave valuable guidance on payment notices, pay less notices, and default payment notices (Placefirst v Car Construction), and where the Court of Appeal (CoA) dismissed an appeal related to the High Court’s calculation of damages where the claimant’s mitigation actions resulted in an increased benefit to the company, as well as the Cabinet Office’s update on the final preparations for the Procurement Act 2023 (PA 2023) coming into force on 24 February 2025, and publication by HM Treasury (HMT) of a working paper on its 10 Year Infrastructure Strategy.
This week's edition of Corporate Crime weekly highlights includes analysis of what the recently signed MoU between OFSI and OFAC will mean for financial sanctions enforcement, of the draft CMA consumer protection enforcement guidance which includes updates introduced by the DMCCA 2024, of why preventing non-financial misconduct should be a priority for businesses and of the SRA’s announcement that it aims to launch the first prosecutions this summer in connection with the Post Office Horizon scandal. Also included is coverage of extensive new guidance published for Coroners on the bench, of new sanctions imposed on Belarus by the FCDO to address ongoing political repression there, and of a company being fined £2m for health and safety breaches. All this, and more, in this week’s Corporate Crime highlights.
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