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There are a variety of working relationships between workers and clients. The most common relationship we address in this module is that of employee and employer; however, there are also a variety of indirect and third party relationships where the work is not carried out by an employee of the ‘client’ ― the end user of the services. There is a wide range of working relationships and these can be complex in terms of PAYE treatment (references in this topic to PAYE include income tax, NIC and other payroll costs, such as the apprenticeship levy, as relevant). The most well-known example of a third party relationship is that of a worker with their own personal service company (PSC). They are the sole director and shareholder of that PSC and the PSC has a contract to provide services to the client. The worker therefore has no direct contractual relationship with the client.