UUÂãÁÄÖ±²¥

Legal News

Ireland—Irish Court of Appeal considers parameters of Norwich Pharmacal Orders

Published on: 17 November 2023

Table of contents

  • The appeal
  • 1. The requirement to demonstrate wrongdoing—what is the relevant threshold?
  • 2. Possession/Necessity
  • 3. Discretion/Proportionality
  • 4. Duty of candour
  • 5. Undertaking
  • 6. Costs
  • The future of NPO

Article summary

Ireland—Dispute Resolution analysis: A Norwich Pharmacal Order (NPO) is employed to uncover the identity of a wrongdoer from a third party, deviating from the usual requirement for closed proceedings. In Ireland, a clear case of wrongdoing must be established for NPO application. NPOs have recently evolved to address digital issues. Recent cases involve tracing stolen cryptocurrency and securing data after a cyber-attack. There is potential for NPO use to expand, as seen in a case against Facebook seeking identification for disciplinary action rather than legal proceedings. Costs associated with NPO compliance vary based on the third party’s defence. As technology evolves, NPOs continue to be a dynamic tool in legal proceedings.

Popular documents